研究業績
2024
Suzuki T, Saito MH, Lin N, Tamura A, Yun N, Koma T, Maruyama J, Paessler S, Makishima T.J Infect Dis, 2024 Oct 21:jiae516. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiae516.
The 3rd anniversary of Frontiers in Virology: aiming to consolidate the virus research.
Adachi A, Koma T, Nomaguchi M.
Front. Virol., 2024 Oct 07. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2024.1505809
2023
Koma T, Doi N, Le BQ, Kondo T, Ishizue M, Tokaji C, Tsukada C, Adachi A , Nomaguchi M. Viruses 2023, 15(12), 2424; https://doi.org/10.3390/v15122424
【Book】Viral Replication Cycle "HIV-1 Replication and Pathogenicity: Lessons from Macaque-Tropic HIV-1 Derivatives." Written By Koma T, Doi N, Le BQ, Kondo T, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M. (2023) IntechOpen. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.1002899
【eBook】“HIV/SIV basic research update” edited by Adachi A, Nomaguchi M, Koma T. (2023) ISBN: 978-2-8325-3264-5. Frontiers Media SA. doi: 10.3389/978-2-8325-3264-5. eBook available: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/22147/hivsiv-basic-research-update
Humanized mice generated by intra-bone marrow injection of CD133-positive hematopoietic stem cells: application to HIV-1 research.
Koma T, Odaka T, Lee SI, Doi N, Kondo T, Okuma K, Fujisawa JI, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M. Front. Virol., 2023 June 30. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1192184
2022
Koma T, Doi N, Suzuki A, Nagamatsu K, Yasui T, Yasutomo K, Adachi A, Minamikawa T, Nomaguchi M. Front. Virol., 2022 Sep 20. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2022.994842
A comprehensive list of the Bunyavirales replication promoters reveals a unique promoter structure in Nairoviridae differing from other virus families. Neriya Y, Kojima S, Sakiyama A, Kishimoto M, Iketani T, Watanabe T, Abe Y, Shimoda H, Nakagawa K, Koma T, Matsumoto Y. Sci Rep . 2022 Aug 9;12(1):13560. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-17758-z.
Mantlo EK, Maruyama J, Manning JT, Wanninger TG, Huang C, Smith JN, Patterson M, Paessler S, Koma T. J Virol. 2022 Mar 28:e0020922. doi: 10.1128/jvi.00209-22.
2021
Fundamental Virology: Curiosity-Oriented Basic Virus Research
Nomaguchi M.
Front. Virol. 2021 Dec 1;1:808768. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2021.808768
Koma T, Doi N, Takemoto M, Watanabe K, Yamamoto H, Nakashima S, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M. Viruses. 2021 Oct 15;13(10):2079. doi: 10.3390/v13102079.
Special Issue "Cell, Organoid and Animal Models to Study Pathogenic Human RNA Viruses".
Adachi A, Nomaguchi M. Viruses. 2021 Sep 28;13(10):1943. doi: 10.3390/v13101943.
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by deep ultraviolet light emitting diode: A review.
Minamikawa T, Koma T, Suzuki A, Nagamatsu K, Yasui T, Yasutomo K, Nomaguchi M. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 2021; 60: 090501. doi: 10.35848/1347-4065/ac19d1
Koma T, Yokoyama M, Kotani O, Doi N, Nakanishi N, Okubo H, Adachi S, Adachi A, Sato H, Nomaguchi M.
J Virol. 2021 Apr 21:JVI.02177-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02177-20. Online ahead of print.
Yasuda SP, Shimizu K, Koma T, Hoa NT, Le MQ, Wei Z, Muthusinghe DS, Lokupathirage SMW, Hasebe F, Yamashiro T, Arikawa J, Yoshimatsu K. Viruses. 2021 Apr 12;13(4):665. doi: 10.3390/v13040665.
Frontiers in Virology: An Innovative Platform for Integrative Virus Research.
Adachi A.
Front Virol. 2021 Mar 25;1:665473. doi: 10.3389/fviro.2021.665473.
Quantitative evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation using a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode.
Minamikawa T, Koma T, Suzuki A, Mizuno T, Nagamatsu K, Arimochi H, Tsuchiya K, Matsuoka K, Yasui T, Yasutomo K, Nomaguchi M.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 3;11(1):5070. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84592-0.
Glycoprotein N-linked glycans play a critical role in arenavirus pathogenicity.
Koma T, Huang C, Coscia A, Hallam S, Manning JT, Maruyama J, Walker AG, Miller M, Smith JN, Patterson M, Abraham J, Paessler S.
PLoS Pathog. 2021 Mar 1;17(3):e1009356. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009356. Online ahead of print.
2020
Koma T, Adachi S, Doi N, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Aug 25;11:2016. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02016. eCollection 2020.
Adachi A, Koma T, Doi N, Nomaguchi M.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 May 15;10:235. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00235. eCollection 2020.
Commentary: Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses.
Adachi S, Koma T, Doi N, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Front Immunol. 2020 Apr 21;11:811. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00811. eCollection 2020.
Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Mar 18;11:431. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00431. eCollection 2020
Manning JT, Yun NE, Seregin AV, Koma T, Sattler R, Ezeomah C, Huang C, de la Torre JC, Paessler S.
J Virol. 2020 Jan 29. pii: JVI.01693-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01693-19.
2019
Doi N, Koma T, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Nov 28;10:2758. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02758. eCollection 2019.
Role for Gag-CA Interdomain Linker in Primate Lentiviral Replication.
Doi N, Koma T, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Aug 7;10:1831. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01831. eCollection 2019.
Koma T, Kotani O, Miyakawa K, Ryo A, Yokoyama M, Doi N, Adachi A, Sato H, Nomaguchi M.
J Virol. 2019 Jun 12. pii: JVI.00381-19. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00381-19.
PIM kinases facilitate lentiviral evasion from SAMHD1 restriction via Vpx phosphorylation.
Miyakawa K, Matsunaga S, Yokoyama M, Nomaguchi M, Kimura Y, Nishi M, Kimura H, Sato H, Hirano H, Tamura T, Akari H, Miura T, Adachi A, Sawasaki T, Yamamoto N, Ryo A.
Nat Commun. 2019 Apr 23;10(1):1844. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09867-7.
Doi N, Yokoyama M, Koma T, Kotani O, Sato H, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2019 Jan 17;10:2. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00002. eCollection 2019.
2018
HIV-1 mutates to adapt in fluxing environments.
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Koma T, Adachi A.
Microbes Infect. 2018 Oct - Nov;20(9-10):610-614. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.08.003.
CXCR4- and CCR5-Tropic HIV-1 Clones Are Both Tractable to Grow in Rhesus Macaques.
Doi N, Miura T, Mori H, Sakawaki H, Koma T, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Oct 18;9:2510. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02510. eCollection 2018.
Review of Mammarenavirus Biology and Replication.
Hallam SJ, Koma T, Maruyama J, Paessler S.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Aug 3;9:1751. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01751. eCollection 2018.
Clark LE, Mahmutovic S, Raymond DD, Dilanyan T, Koma T, Manning JT, Shankar S, Levis SC, Briggiler AM, Enria DA, Wucherpfennig KW, Paessler S, Abraham J.
Nat Commun. 2018 May 14;9(1):1884. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04271-z.
Zika virus infection elicits auto-antibodies to C1q.
Koma T, Veljkovic V, Anderson DE, Wang LF, Rossi SL, Shan C, Shi PY, Beasley DW, Bukreyeva N, Smith JN, Hallam S, Huang C, von Messling V, Paessler S.
Sci Rep. 2018 Jan 30;8(1):1882. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-20185-8.
Tong X, Smith J, Bukreyeva N, Koma T, Manning JT, Kalkeri R, Kwong AD, Paessler S.
Antiviral Res. 2018 Jan;149:34-40. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.11.004. Epub 2017 Nov 8.
Nakanishi S, Watanabe S, Doi N, Koma T, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
J Med Invest. 2018;65(1.2):110-115. doi: 10.2152/jmi.65.110.
2017
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Yoshida T, Koma T, Adachi S, Ode H, Iwatani Y, Yokoyama M, Sato H, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Dec 18;8:2542. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02542. eCollection 2017.
Editorial: Highly Mutable Animal RNA Viruses: Adaptation and Evolution.
Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Sep 15;8:1785. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01785. eCollection 2017.
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Koma T, Adachi A.
Genome Announc. 2017 Sep 28;5(39). pii: e01063-17. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01063-17.
Huang C, Kolokoltsova OA, Mateer EJ, Koma T, Paessler S.
J Virol. 2017 Sep 27;91(20). pii: e01090-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01090-17. Print 2017 Oct 15.
Generation and characterization of new CCR5-tropic HIV-1rmt clones.
Doi N, Sakai Y, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
J Med Invest. 2017;64(3.4):272-279. doi: 10.2152/jmi.64.272.
Miyazaki, Y., Doi, N., Koma, T., Adachi, A., and Nomaguchi, M.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jul 24;8:1413. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01413. eCollection 2017.
Comparison of Biochemical Properties of HIV-1 and HIV-2 Capsid Proteins.
Miyazaki Y, Miyake A, Doi N, Koma T, Uchiyama T, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2017 Jun 13;8:1082. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01082. eCollection 2017.
2016
Sakai Y, Doi N, Miyazaki Y, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Oct 18;7:1655. eCollection 2016.
Expression Profiles of Vpx/Vpr Proteins Are Co-related with the Primate Lentiviral Lineage.
Sakai Y, Miyake A, Doi N, Sasada H, Miyazaki Y, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Aug 3;7:1211. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01211. eCollection 2016.
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Sakai Y, Ode H, Iwatani Y, Ueno T, Matsumoto Y, Miyazaki Y, Masuda T, Adachi A.
J Virol. 2016 Apr 14;90(9):4563-78. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02939-15. Print 2016 May.
Sultana T, Nakayama EE, Tobita S, Yokoyama M, Seki Y, Saito A, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A, Akari H, Sato H, Shioda T.
J Gen Virol. 2016 Apr;97(4):963-76. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000408. Epub 2016 Jan 20.
Yokoyama M, Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Kanda T, Adachi A, Sato H.
Front Microbiol. 2016 Feb 9;7:110. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00110. eCollection 2016.
2015
Doi N, Sakai Y, Miyazaki Y, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
J Med Invest. 2015;62(3-4):228-32. doi: 10.2152/jmi.62.228.
2014
Animal model studies on viral infections.
Adachi A, Miura T.
Front Microbiol. 2014 Dec 3;5:672. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00672.
Nomaguchi M, Nakayama EE, Yokoyama M, Doi N, Igarashi T, Shioda T, Sato H, Adachi A.
Microbes Infect. 2014 Nov;16(11):936-44. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.08.017. Epub 2014 Sep 4.
Virological characterization of HIV-2 vpx gene mutants in various cell systems.
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Adachi A.
Microbes Infect. 2014 Aug;16(8):695-701. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.06.004. Epub 2014 Jun 21.
Nomaguchi M, Miyake A, Doi N, Fujiwara S, Miyazaki Y, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Yokoyama M, Sato H, Masuda T, Adachi A.
J Virol. 2014 Apr;88(8):4145-60. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01859-13. Epub 2014 Jan 29.
Role of poly-proline motif in HIV-2 Vpx expression.
Miyake A, Miyazaki Y, Fujita M, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2014 Jan 28;5:24. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00024. eCollection 2014.
Poly-proline motif in HIV-2 Vpx is critical for its efficient translation.
Miyake A, Fujita M, Fujino H, Koga R, Kawamura S, Otsuka M, Ode H, Iwatani Y, Sakai Y, Doi N, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A, Miyazaki Y.
J Gen Virol. 2014 Jan;95(Pt 1):179-89. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.057364-0. Epub 2013 Oct 10.
Doi N, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
J Med Invest. 2014;61(3-4):374-9.
2013
Nomaguchi M, Yokoyama M, Kono K, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Doi N, Fujiwara S, Saito A, Akari H, Miyakawa K, Ryo A, Ode H, Iwatani Y, Miura T, Igarashi T, Sato H, Adachi A.
J Virol. 2013 Nov;87(21):11447-61. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01549-13. Epub 2013 Aug 21.
Growth potentials of CCR5-tropic/CXCR4-tropic HIV-1mt clones in macaque cells.
Doi N, Okubo A, Yamane M, Sakai Y, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2013 Jul 29;4:218. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00218. eCollection 2013.
Saito A, Nomaguchi M, Kono K, Iwatani Y, Yokoyama M, Yasutomi Y, Sato H, Shioda T, Sugiura W, Matano T, Adachi A, Nakayama EE, Akari H.
J Gen Virol. 2013 Jun;94(Pt 6):1318-24. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.050252-0. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Fujiwara S, Saito A, Akari H, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Yokoyama M, Sato H, Adachi A.
Microbes Infect. 2013 Apr;15(4):319-28. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2013.01.005. Epub 2013 Feb 4.
Gag-CA Q110D mutation elicits TRIM5-independent enhancement of HIV-1mt replication in macaque cells.
Nomaguchi M, Yokoyama M, Kono K, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Saito A, Akari H, Yasutomi Y, Matano T, Sato H, Adachi A.
Microbes Infect. 2013 Jan;15(1):56-65. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2012.10.013. Epub 2012 Nov 1.
2012
Miyakawa K, Sawasaki T, Matsunaga S, Tokarev A, Quinn G, Kimura H, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A, Yamamoto N, Guatelli J, Ryo A.
Sci Signal. 2012 Oct 9;5(245):ra73. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.2003212.
SAMHD1-Dependent and -Independent Functions of HIV-2/SIV Vpx Protein.
Fujita M, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A, Otsuka M.
Front Microbiol. 2012 Aug 10;3:297. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00297. eCollection 2012.
Nomaguchi M, Fujita M, Miyazaki Y, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2012 Aug 3;3:281. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00281. eCollection 2012.
Species tropism of HIV-1 modulated by viral accessory proteins.
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Matsumoto Y, Sakai Y, Fujiwara S, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2012 Jul 26;3:267. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00267. eCollection 2012.
Structural biology for virus research.
Miyazaki Y, Fujita M, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2012 Mar 13;3:91. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00091. eCollection 2012.
Saito A, Kono K, Nomaguchi M, Yasutomi Y, Adachi A, Shioda T, Akari H, Nakayama EE.
J Gen Virol. 2012 Mar;93(Pt 3):594-602. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.038075-0. Epub 2011 Nov 23.
2011
Structural dynamics of retroviral genome and the packaging.
Miyazaki Y, Miyake A, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2011 Dec 29;2:264. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00264. eCollection 2011.
Commentary on a New Era of Investigating 3D Structure-Based Human-Virus Protein Network Dynamics.
Adachi S, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2011 Sep 8;2:186. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00186. eCollection 2011.
The Fourth Major Restriction Factor Against HIV/SIV.
Nomaguchi M, Fujita M, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2011 Jun 10;2:132. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00132. eCollection 2011.
Rhesus M1.3S Cells Suitable for Biological Evaluation of Macaque-Tropic HIV/SIV Clones.
Doi N, Fujiwara S, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Front Microbiol. 2011 May 23;2:115. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00115. eCollection 2011.
HIV-1 Vpr and G2 cell cycle arrest.
Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Future Microbiol. 2011 Apr;6(4):375-8. doi: 10.2217/fmb.11.17.
Saito A, Nomaguchi M, Iijima S, Kuroishi A, Yoshida T, Lee YJ, Hayakawa T, Kono K, Nakayama EE, Shioda T, Yasutomi Y, Adachi A, Matano T, Akari H.
Microbes Infect. 2011 Jan;13(1):58-64. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.10.001. Epub 2010 Oct 16.
2010
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Fujiwara S, Fujita M, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2010 Nov 24;1:116. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2010.00116. eCollection 2010.
Growth ability in various macaque cell lines of HIV-1 with simian cell-tropism.
Doi N, Fujiwara S, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
J Med Invest. 2010 Aug;57(3-4):284-92.
Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Nihon Rinsho. 2010 Aug;68 Suppl 8:518-22. Review. Japanese.
Virology as biosystematics: towards understanding the viral infection biology.
Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Front Microbiol. 2010 Jul 20;1:2. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2010.00002. eCollection 2010.
Multifaceted activity of HIV Vpr/Vpx proteins: the current view of their virological functions.
Fujita M, Otsuka M, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Rev Med Virol. 2010 Mar;20(2):68-76. doi: 10.1002/rmv.636. Review.
Different interaction between HIV-1 Vif and its cellular target proteins APOBEC3G/APOBEC3F.
Nagao T, Yamashita T, Miyake A, Uchiyama T, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
J Med Invest. 2010 Feb;57(1-2):89-94.
Status of APOBEC3G/F in cells and progeny virions modulated by Vif determines HIV-1 infectivity.
Yamashita T, Nomaguchi M, Miyake A, Uchiyama T, Adachi A.
Microbes Infect. 2010 Feb;12(2):166-71. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.11.007. Epub 2009 Nov 26.
Role of HIV-1 Nef protein for virus replication in vitro.
Jere A, Fujita M, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Microbes Infect. 2010 Jan;12(1):65-70. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.09.009. Epub 2009 Sep 19. Review.
2009
Kuroishi A, Saito A, Shingai Y, Shioda T, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A, Akari H, Nakayama EE.
Retrovirology. 2009 Aug 3;6:70. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-70.
[Accessory proteins of HIV and innate anti-retroviral factors].
Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Uirusu. 2009 Jun;59(1):67-74. Review. Japanese.
Nagao T, Hatcho K, Doi N, Fujiwara S, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
J Med Invest. 2009 Feb;56(1-2):21-5.
Kamada K, Yamashita T, Hatcho K, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Microbes Infect. 2009 Feb;11(2):164-71. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.11.002. Epub 2008 Nov 19.
2008
Functional region mapping of HIV-2 Vpx protein.
Fujita M, Otsuka M, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
Microbes Infect. 2008 Oct;10(12-13):1387-92. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.08.005. Epub 2008 Aug 14.
Yamashita T, Doi N, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
J Med Invest. 2008 Aug;55(3-4):236-40.
Fujita M, Otsuka M, Miyoshi M, Khamsri B, Nomaguchi M, Adachi A.
J Virol. 2008 Aug;82(15):7752-6. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01003-07. Epub 2008 May 21.
Hatcho K, Kamada K, Yamashita T, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Microbes Infect. 2008 Aug-Sep;10(10-11):1218-22. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.06.007. Epub 2008 Jun 20.
Identification of amino acid residues in HIV-1 Vif critical for binding and exclusion of APOBEC3G/F.
Yamashita T, Kamada K, Hatcho K, Adachi A, Nomaguchi M.
Microbes Infect. 2008 Aug-Sep;10(10-11):1142-9. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.06.003. Epub 2008 Jun 18.
Role of HIV-1 Vpu protein for virus spread and pathogenesis.
Nomaguchi M, Fujita M, Adachi A.
Microbes Infect. 2008 Jul;10(9):960-7. doi: 10.1016/j.micinf.2008.07.006. Epub 2008 Jul 10. Review.
Species barrier of HIV-1 and its jumping by virus engineering.
Nomaguchi M, Doi N, Kamada K, Adachi A.
Rev Med Virol. 2008 Jul-Aug;18(4):261-75. doi: 10.1002/rmv.576. Review.
Yu L, Nomaguchi M, Padmanabhan R, Markoff L.
Virology. 2008 Apr 25;374(1):170-85. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.035. Epub 2008 Jan 29.
2007
[Functional roles of HIV-1 accessory genes for its pathogenicity].
Adachi A, Kamada K, Hatcho K, Yamashita T, Uchiyama T, Nomaguchi M.
Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso. 2007 Aug;52(10 Suppl):1261-7. Review. Japanese.